Pengertian Simple Past Tense
simple past adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
1. Subject verb agreement
| Subject | Verb | Verb + not | Verb (be) |
| She | V2 | did | was |
| He | V2 | did | was |
| It | V2 | did | was |
| Benda tunggal (singular noun ) – Upin – Student – Mouse | V2 | did | was |
| I | V2 | did | was |
| You | V2 | did | were |
| They | V2 | did | were |
| We | V2 | did | were |
| Benda jama (plural noun ) – Upin and Ipin – StudentS – Mice | V2 | did | were |
2. Rumus
Berikut rumus simple past tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif.
| Rumus Simple Past Tense | Contoh Simple Past Tense |
| kalimat positif (+) verbal S + Verb-2 (past tense) Non-verbal S + be (was/were) + adj/noun/adv/pron | The teacher came (Guru telah datang) I was a stamp collector (Saya adalah seorang kolektor perangko) |
| kalimat negatif (-) verbal S + did + not + (V1)bare infinitive Non-verbal S + be (was/were) + not + adj/noun/adv/pron | The teacher didn’t come (Guru tidak datang) I wasn’t a stamp collector ( Saya bukan kolektor perangko) |
| kalimat interogatif (?) verbal did + S + (V1)bare infinitive? Non-verbal be (was/were) + S +adj/noun/adv/pron? | Did the teacher come? (Apakah gurunya datang?) Was I a stamp collector? (Apakah saya seorang kolektor perangko?) |
3. Time Expressions pada Simple Past Tense
Berikut beberapa time expression (keterangan waktu) yang dapat digunakan pada simple past tense.
| Time | Contoh |
| General time in Past | yesterday (kemarin) |
| This + time (tadi…..) | this morning (tadi pagi) |
| Last + time | last night (semalam) last week (minggu lalu) last Month (bulan lalu) last Year(tahun lalu) last time (waktu yang lalu) |
| Cardinal number + time + ago | one hour ago (satu jam lalu) 2 days ago (2 hari lalu) 3 weeks ago (tiga mingg lalu) A months ago (satu bulan lalu) A year ago (satu tahun lalu) |
| in + month / year | in January (di bulan Januari) in 1999 (pada tahun 1999) |
| On + day | on Saturday (pada hari Sabtu) |
| when + S + verb-2 | when he arrived (Ketika dia tiba) when I was stuck in traffic jam (Ketika saya terjebak macet) |
Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense
| 1 | A friend of mine was here yesterday. (Teman saya disini kemarin.) |
| 2 | He ignored my call last week. (Dia mengacuhkan telepon saya minggu lalu.) |
| 3 | I met my client this morning. (Saya bertemu klien tadi pagi.) |
| 4 | My sister was born in 1999. (Saudara perempuan saya lahir pada tahun 1999.) |
| 5 | The water heater stopped working on Saturday. (Pemanas air itu berhenti bekerja pada hari Sabtu.) |
| 6 | I rolled down the window and took a breath when I was stuck in the heavy traffic jam. (Saya menurunkan jendela dan menarik napas ketika saya terjebak di kemacetan berat itu.) |
4. Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat
Simple past tense untuk membicarakan aksi yang terjadi dengan durasi waktu tertentu di masa lampau. preposition for dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan periode waktu kejadian.
Contoh :
| 1 | Vina and I went to the Ragunan zoo three months ago. (Saya dan Vina pergi Ragunan tiga bulan lalu.) |
| 2 | Did he come on time yesterday? (Apakah dia datang tepat waktu kemarin?) |
| 3 | The party started at 10.00 a.m. (Pesta mulai jam sepuluh pagi.) |
| 4 | Did you sleep enough last night? (Apa kamu cukup tidur semalam?) |
| 5 | I studied civil engineering for almost 4 years. (Saya belajar teknik sipil selama hampir 4 tahun.) |
Simple past tense untuk membicarakan kebiasaan pada masa lampau. Subordinate conjunction when biasanya digunakan pada situasi ini.
Contoh
:
| 1 | I often did exercises in the gym when I lived in Bandung. (Saya sering berlatih di gym ketika tinggal di Bandung.) |
| 2 | When I was a senior high school student, I always got up at 4 am to study. (Ketika saya sma, saya selalu bangun jam 4 pagi untuk belajar.) |
Untuk menunjukkan bahwa ada aksi berdurasi pendek (simple past tense) yang terjadi ketika suatu aksi berdurasi panjang (past continuous tense) sedang berlangsung.
Contoh :
| I was reading a journal in the library when someone burped out loud. (Saya sedang membaca jurnal di perpustakaan ketika seseorang bersendawa keras.) |
Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu aksi (simple past tense) langsung mengikuti aksi yang telah selesai (past continuous).
Contoh :
| I had already finished my breakfast when he picked me up. (Saya telah selesai sarapan ketika dia menjemput.) |
Simple past tense digunakan pada conditional sentence type 2.
Contoh
| 1 | If she studied hard, she would be pass. (Jika dia belajar keras, dia akan lulus.) |
| 2 | I would buy a sport car if I had much money. (Saya akan membeli mobil sport jika punya uang banyak.) |